They are all equivalent for steady flows, but differ conceptually for unsteady flows. To evaluate the streaklines, we need to consider the time component of the velocity field equation. Question: 2) Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines in the visualization of flow over a sphere in Fig. While material lines consist of any line-type arrangement of massless particles that moves with the flow, streaklines represent curves obtained by continuously releasing particles at a given location, called the seed. These can be thought of as "recording" the path of a fluid element in the flow over a certain period. \%-50gridlines b. Practically, such sediment plumes can be understood as diffusing streaklines, i. Nowadays flow visualization. Find step-by-step Engineering solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: A flow is described by velocity field $vec {V}=a y^ {2} hat {i}+b hat {j}$ where a = 1 m$^ {−1} s^ {−1}$ and b = 2m/s. a. In compressible flows, the density of the fluid changes with pressure and temperature. Oakland Outer Harbor LB 3. For different densities in each direction, use a tuple (density_x, density_y). Similarity requires that they match both the Reynolds number and the Strouhal number between their model test and the actual baseball that moves through the air. Expert Answer. Pathlines 3. A) What is the difference between streamlines and streaklines? (Note; we did not have time to cover this difference in class, so you likely need to reference your book- see chapter 4) (2 pts) B) From which of Newton's fundamental laws of physics is the Bernoulli equation derived? (2. Pathlines are the trajectories that individual fluid particles follow. Streaklines are lines connecting all fluid particles that pass through the same point in space. In order to observe streaklines within a fluid you will first have to mark the fluid in some way. Vortex shedding within laminar separation bubbles forming over the suction side of a NACA 0018 airfoil is studied through a combination of high-speed flow visualization and boundary layer measurements. Streaklines are numerically obtained for a shear flow perturbed by an unamplifying traveling sinusoidal wave. To obtain streakline, a dye is injected into liquid or smoke in gas at a fixed point in the flow field so as to trace the subsequent position of fluid passing through it. . Intuitively, if we place multiple small balls into the water flow at the same. These can be thought of as "recording" the path of a. Photo from. 3. 5, and 1; a pathline at t=1 for a. In this application the user can type. The streaklines show complex along-flow changes in cross-sectional shape that we interpret to be effects from temporal changes in grounding line dynamics and decay of ice topography due to flow. Discussion Timelines differ from streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines even if the flow is steady. Dye steadily injected into the fluid at a fixed point extends along a streakline. In such cases, the use of streamlines may not be appropriate as they assume that the fluid is. Currently, there is no functionality in matplotlib to plot streaklines. pΔA −(p + ∂p ∂sΔs) ΔA = −∂p ∂sΔsΔA (3. The integration of (1) to obtain particle paths and/or travel times, is known as particle tracking, for which there exists a rich literature. For a steady flow situation, the timelines and streamlines are the same. It can be either a list of positions or a geometric field (e. Problem 1: (25 points total, 5 points each) Answer the following questions. Gently clean the surface of the print head, removing any dried ink, dirt or fibers. Streaklines: Streaklines are the loci of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the past. What is the pathline. Streaklines and timelines align with the flow patterns in the background. 3. † Streakline: Instantaneous locus of all °uid particles that have passed a given point (snapshot of certain °uid particles). It can be said that if streaklines and pathlines are implemented onto the steady flow, the result will be similar to the streamlines [5]. These lines can also be obtained mathematically for given velocity field of a fluid flow. In symbols, this is written as. Streaklines Timelines Refractive flow visualization techniques Surface flow visualization techniques Profile plots Vector plots Contour plots 4. A high-speed round air jet Streaklines are the loci of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the past. 2. Berikut ini pembahasan tentang aliran – aliran pada mekanika fluida. Plot: streamlines for x & y <2 for t=0, 0. A pathline is the. Civil Engineering questions and answers. That is, they satisfy that their tangent vector equals u(x,t) at the given time. pathlines e. 1 - Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines 1) At time t 0, a dye streak was started at point A in a flow field of liquid. Compressible Flows. A pathline is a path which a fluid particle traces. A typical hydrogen bubble diameter is d=0. Researchers have presented many visualization techniques with similar goal, which is to enrich the information provided by the visualization. To study the flow of air around various tow vehicle and trailer models, a 0. Obtain the equation for the streamline passing through point (2, 5). . A particle of the marker fluid that is at point (x, y) at time t must have passed through the injection point (x, y) at some earlier instant t = T. The particle tracking literature is primarily concerned with problems where thestreak翻譯：痕跡, 條紋;條痕, 特點, （常指不好的）特點，個性特徵, 短期, 一陣好運；一陣黴運, 一陣子，一連串，一系列, 快速移動, （通常指沿直線）飛奔，疾馳, 裸奔, （在公共場所）裸奔, 痕跡。了解更多。The images taken for Re = 131 and Re = 1004 contain vertical streaklines, consistent with laminar flow and the associated parabolic velocity profile. 25. 12 Uniform Flow Definition A uniform flow consists of a velocity field where V~ = uˆı+ v ˆ is a constant. As illustrated in Figure 1b , according to mass balance, the change in SSC of a depth-averaged fluid parcel as it travels downstream. r¢~v and @~v RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 5sinωt-0. For example, consider the initially straight dye line injected in front of the circular cylinder shown in Fig. These can be thought of as “recording” the path. In an unsteady flow they can be different. Vorticity Basics. For information on missing data, go to the PORTS Stations Status Page or call (301) 713-2540. y 0 = y ′ − t ′. 6 The Velocity Potential in Irrotational Flow 26a) In this we can clearly see that a Streakline flow is followed because as we can see in the flow fluid particle is away from the actual path of the flow. 3. The time history of a marker particle may be. Mechanical Engineering questions and answers. Solution. III), including experimental and. Use this argument with any of the input argument combinations from the. Streaklines can show how individual particles move and disperse over time, which is important for understanding the spread of pollutants or the movement of marine organisms. Knowledge of the flow patterns within distributary systems is key for understanding deltaic hydro- and morpho-dynamics, yet synoptic measurements of flow fields remain virtually nonexistent. Figure 1. Consider the visualization of flow over a 12° cone in Fig. The path a fluid particle takes through a flow is actually called a pathline. =2 b. Examples of streaklines are a line of smoke from a chimney and a dye streak in a river where dye has been injected through a tube. Transcribed image text: An experiment is conducted on Lake Oroville to determine the currents induced by wind speed and direction. 3. Pathlines and Streaklines •For an unsteady fluid flow, if we release a particle in the fluid, we can track its position as a function of time. In other words, any material line that passes through a fixed. They are all equivalent for steady flows, but differ conceptually for unsteady flows. density linearly scales this grid. Water enters a rotating lawn sprinkler through its base at a steady rate of 1000 ml/s as sketched below. In a steady flow the streamline, pathline and streakline all coincide. The Stream Function. The room is heated by a heat pump so that the temperature. Find step-by-step Engineering solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: A flow is described by velocity field $vec{V}=a hat{i}+b x hat{j}$ where a = 2m/s and b =1s$^{−1}$. Streaklines are lines deposited in the flow during a time interval by continuous emission of a tracer from a fixed point. Design and Experimental Results for the S809 Airfoil Dan M. The resulting trajectories, streaklines, and streamlines are seen in figures 4. The main difference between a flow system and a uncoupled bunch of particles is pressure. If at a certain point in time all the particles introduced one after the other are joined together, a so-called streakline is formed. 125 and μ = 0. When density = 1, the domain is divided into a 30x30 grid. The purpose of this tutorial is to illustrate the difference between streamlines, streak lines and path lines for a time dependent velocity field using the java application called vector field manipulator. 5, where δ*is the displacement thickness, show the subharmonic sinuous nature (Schoppa and Hussain, 2002 and Das Gupta and Roy, 2017) for all the cases. The following animation illustrates the differences between a streakline and a pathline. Civil Engineering questions and answers. In smoke wire flow visualization, smoke streaklines are generated from oil droplets on a heating wire or injected from the outer smoke generator/container during the experiments. 2 t j – 1. Streaklines. Note that these notions are frame dependent. Streaklines are generated by introducing air bubbles at evenly spaced points upstream of the field of view. One example of a pathline is the path defined by a balloon floating in the air. The rotation direction of the cone shapes the streaklines ingested into the boundary layers. To see how mass conservation places restrictions on the velocity field, consider the steady flow of fluid through a duct (that is, the inlet and outlet flows do not vary with time). Find expressions for and draw representative (i) pathlines, (ii) streamlines and (iii) streaklines. In smoke wire flow visualization, smoke streaklines are generated from oil droplets on a heating wire or injected from the outer smoke generator/container during the experiments. Volumetric measurement for the leading-edge vortex (LEV) breakdown of a delta wing has been conducted by three-dimensional (3D) flow visualization and tomographic particle image velocimetry (TPIV). The time history of a marker particle may be found by solving the pathline. In this essay we will consider both the observation of fluid flows, and toward the end, the prediction of fluidStreaklines and pathlines were suitable for unsteady flow in which the lines move with the changes of the flow pattern. The color expression in the streamline plot indicates fluid velocity (in m/s). I am new to matlab. An example of a streakline is the continuous line of smoke emitted by a chimney, which will have some curved shape if the wind has a time-varying direction. Author: Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M. Flow across the streak line is possible. precalculus. A particle of the marker fluid that is at point (x, y) at time t must have passed through the injection point ( x_ {0}, y_ {0} x0,y0) at some earlier instant t=\tau t = τ. In simple terms, streamlines and streaklines are like a snapshot of the flowfield whereas pathlines are time-history of the flow. Understand. 4. A plume of steam leaves a smokestack at x=0 and y-0. Global techniques - Display the entire flow field in a single pictureDetailed examples of Streamline Plots including changing color, size, log axes, and more in MATLAB. Here, it is achieved by translating the seed with the translational velocity and rotating it around the axis of rotation. Manipulate and derive governing equations in various forms. 3. What is the pathline of a particle at a location (1 m, 2 m, 4 m) at time t = 1 s?Expert Answer. Question: 6. The 2-hour long experiment begins at 6:00 AM at. the fluid of the flow is a gas iii. Engineering. \%-50timelines b. Draw the direction of flow on the streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines. ), in General Aviation Aircraft Design, 2014. One should always be reminded that streaklines do not correspond to streamlines in an unsteady flow. 2 6. The drag force from the water on a bubble is given by. However, often sequences of timelines (and streaklines) at different instants—being presented either in a single image. P7–44). Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines? Explain. 03922218). Leaflet | Esri. 4 3. Fluid: The fluid is defined as the state of matter, which undergoes continuous deformation by the application of even the smallest shear force. Note that the higher temperature of the flow downstream of the shock causes the sodium to absorb more light in that region than upstream of the shock . 4. A) What is the difference between streamlines and streaklines? (Note; we did not have time to cover this difference in class, so you likely need to reference your book- see chapter 4) (2 pts) B) From which of Newton's fundamental laws of physics is the Bernoulli equation derived? (2 pts) C) What are the. Pathlines are unique to each particle and do not cross, providing a clear trajectory for each. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines? Explain. Only the top half is shown since the flow is symmetric about the horizontal axis. Question: 3 Problem Consider the velocity field u=U, v=V cos (27 (x – Ut)/k), (1) where U and V are constants and k a length. \%-50gridlines c. Some students want to visualize flow over a spinning baseball. In steady flow (when the velocity vector-field does not change with time), the streamlines, pathlines, and streaklines coincide. Where streamlines crowd together, the fluid speed is relatively high; where they open out, the fluid is relatively still. This is because the structures have accumulated over the life time of the particles. a. Courtesy ONERA. 4. Streaktubes, with slice planes. - Streaklines are time-dependent and represent the collection of particles that have passed through a particular location. Transcribed image text: QUESTION 9 Consider the visualization of flow over a 15° delta wing, as shown in the figure. Draw examples of a pathline, a streamline, and a streakline around the skier. Streaklines are the loci of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the past. An explosion occurs at a nuclear power plant and radioactive steam is escaping from a broken pipe at time t=0. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The continuum assumption for a fluid means that if the fluid was cut in half and in half again ad infinitum that the fluid's intensive properties, such as pressure and temperature, would be well defined in the limit at each point in space. pathlines c. The pressure on the lateral. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines? Explain. – All fluids satisfying the continuum assumption must have zero relative velocity at a solid surface (no-slip condition) and so most flows are inherently two or three dimensional. Consider the visualization of flow over a 12° cone. 4 Concept and Consequences of Continuous Flow For a °uid °ow to be continuous, we require that the velocity ~v(~x;t) be a flnite and con- tinuous function of ~x and t. Uniform flow, Sources, Sinks, Doublets Reading: Anderson 3. Eulerian and Lagrangian Approaches. Streaklines are computed for a shear flow, which is perturbed by two waves in the form of a fundamental and a subharmonic, with various combinations of the two. Streamlines, streaklines and pathlines are field lines in a fluid flow. Engineering. These animated gif images illustrate the differences between streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, and timelines. FIGURE P4-31C Visualization of flow over a sphere at a Reynolds number of 15,000. 3 Acceleration Field and Material Derivative The acceleration of a fluid particle is the rate of change of its velocity. Pathlines are the trajectories that individual fluid particles follow. They are all. Streaklines and pathlines (particle paths) both use interpolation and will be supported. Streaklines eminating from a “source”, colored by the scalar data. e. Tutorial - Illustration of Streamlines, Streaklines and Pathlines of a Velocity Field. Pathlines are the trajectories that individual fluid particles follow. Unsteady Flow of Streaklines. False. It has already been explained that in unsteady or turbulent flows, particles introduced one after the other in time (at the same place) follow different. Oakland Inner Harbor LB4. Streaklines are the loci of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the past. Streaklines: - Streaklines are formed by visualizing the continuous lines formed by particles or fluid elements that have passed through a specific point in a flow field. Southampton Shoal Channel LB 6. c) Pathlines of two particles in an one-dimensional flow can intersect. The streamed flow was illuminated by a laser sheet provided by a 532-nm 10 W CW laser. Nikolaos D. Pathlines are useful for understanding the movement of water in rivers or the behavior of particles in chemical reactions or industrial processes. 1. 1 Stream Surfaces and Streaklines. Streamline. The visualization is produced by colored fluid injected into water from ports on the body. For example, consider the initially straight dye line injected in front of the circular cylinder. And in general, envelopes of a vector field are the curves whose tangent vector at each point coincides (in direction and sense but not necessarily in magnitude) with the corresponding vector of the vector field. 3 Acceleration Field and Material Derivative The acceleration of a fluid particle is the rate of change of its velocity. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. (2) and (3). For the same particle starting locations, streaklines at T = 20 are shown in in Figure 4. Not yet a. Question: 2. Then find the equation (s) (within an arbitrary constant) that describe the streamlines, streaklines and pathlines for this flow. Streaklines: Streaklines are the paths traced by particles that have passed through a specific point in the flow field at different times. . In the context of computer vision, streaklines may be used in a similar way to transport information about a scene, and they are obtained by repeatedly initializing a fixed grid of particles at. Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Mechanical Engineering questions and answers; Some students want to visualize flow over a spinning baseball. Since the vector field is time dependent, the pathline, streamline and streaklines are different concepts, see Wikipedia. Streamlines represent the instantaneous direction of flow at a given point, streaklines depict the path taken by a fluid particle over a certain period, and pathlines show the actual trajectory followed by an. BUY. Under certain circumstances, moreover, the streakline development. The laser is tuned sufficiently far from the center of the line, so that there is no excessive light absorption. the flow is incompressible b. It is a little confusing, but think of a river which gets dammed. This vorticity is caused by troughs and ridges and other embedded waves or height centers. The theory requires the firing angle to be less than about 40 degrees or so, which is fine in most instances. generates a stream plot of the vector field { v x, v y } as a function of x and y. 3 Kinematics: Streamlines, Streaklines, Timelines, and Vorticity 18 3. 4. At present, your best bet is to solve the streakline ODE in the Wikipedia. Another technique would be to instantly inject a line of dye across streamlines and observe how this line moves as time increases. 1–4. Visualization of flow over a 15° delta wing at a 20° angle of attack at a Reynolds number of 20,000. Describe a flow field for which this is true. At V 0 = 0. What follows is a lightly edited transcription of the video. The wind field is modeled to be the following for the next 4 days and the steam is assumed to advect with the wind field. In Figure 14. zero d. It consists of the use of a high-speed camera capable of actually recording at high frame rates (in the order of 103 –10 4 frames per second) of the flow advancement inside the micro-cavity. Repeat steps 1-4 for any other printheads. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A tiny, neutrally buoyant electronic pressure probe is released into the inlet pipe of a water pump and transmits 2000 pressure readings per second as it passes through the pump. Streaklines are used in a laboratory setting to observe fluid particle as they pass through a common point. Expert-verified. The wind velocity (km/h) is v=10i-5j for the first 5 hours and v=5i for the next 5 hours. • Timelines: timelines are formed when a line is drawn through the adjacent particles at anyinstantaneous point of time. Author: Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M. 6+2. We developed a method for extracting streaklines from remote-sensed SSC, and used the change in SSC along streaklines to reveal patterns of deposition and erosion in Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana. The purpose of this tutorial is to illustrate the difference between streamlines, streak lines and path lines for a time dependent velocity field using the java application called vector. Coordinates, reference frames, equations, functions,. The plume lasts for four hours. The governing equations are introduced in a simple manner, with an explanation of several useful and. 2 Streamlines, particle trajectories, streaklines Suppose you freeze a velocity u(x,t) at a fixed time and look at the instantaneous vector field at that instant. long meandering filaments that become increasingly wide as a result of turbulent diffusion and, therefore, increasingly dilute. Introduction. Is this a langrangian or eulerian measurement?, A flow field is defined as _ in the _ frame of reference when. Streaklines can be defined as the locus of particles that have earlier passed through a prescribed point. engineering. 2. A wind speed of approximately 2 m/s was used in this study. In other words, place a particle at point p, and move the particle one time step with the flow. Engineering. It will be available in matplotlib version 1. Pathline and streaklines provide ways to visualize flows. View Answer. 5, and 4. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines? Explain. If any wet ink is left, blot it off with a dry swab or lint-free towel. It is the locus of particles that have passed sequentially through a prescribed path in the flow. Find step-by-step Engineering solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: What is the definition of a timeline? How can time ones be produced in a water. Understand what initial conditions to use when evaluating streaklines and pathlines. During the experiment dye is released continuously and floats are released every 30 minutes (called tracking drogues) to monitor the surface currents. Simulations of streaklines in a cross-channel mixer and a perturbed Kirchhoff elliptic vortex are quantitatively compared to the theoretical results. . gridlines C. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines,or timelines?Their fluids laboratory has a nice water tunnel into which they can inject multicolored dye streaklines, so they decide to test a spinning baseball in the water tunnel (Fig. Flow visualization is an approach focuses on methods to get information from the flow field datasets either in 2 or 3 dimensional. b) Pathlines of two particles in an one-dimensional flow can never intersect if the two particles move along the same direction. Figure 3. Find step-by-step Engineering solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: Consider the visualization of flow over a sphere in the figure. 19 Streakline: consists of all particles in a flow that have previously passed through a common point. The sheet is realised with a negative lens. In this segment, we cover streamline (including deriving streamline equation), streakline, and pathline. (15pts, 5pts each) a) Consider the visualization of flow over a 12 cone in the. t. The solution we’re going to load is an unsteady solution of vortex shedding. t. Streaklines A streakline is the locus of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the past. A streamline is a path traced out by a massless particle as it moves with the flow. These are streaklines extbf{streaklines} streaklines. \%-50timelines b. Streaklines. Only one answer is correct. streamline(___,options) plots streamlines using the specified options, defined as a one- or two-element vector with the form step or [step maxvert], where step is the step size in data units for interpolating the vector data and maxvert is the maximum number of vertices in a streamline. Question. Each of these lines provides di↵erent information on the movement of fluid. 1 / 4. 4: Definition sketch for derivation of the Bernoulli equation for incompressible inviscid flow. The appearance of a 3-D structure in a streakline is a historical event that. Then you can visualize curves x(s) that are tangent to the velocity at every point in space. 11 Three types of fluid element trajectories are defined: Streamlines, Pathlines, and Streaklines. . Hydrogen bubbles are used to visualize water flow (streaklines) sometimes. , { x, y } ∈ reg] takes the variables {. 1. From:. a. In the present notes the column buckling was extensively studied in Chapter 8. The first part focuses on the incompressible boundary layer. 21. Describe how streaklines and pathlines might be different from streamlines for each case. Additionally, a methodology for quantifying the unsteady advective transport between the two fluids using streaklines is presented and verified numerically for the same two examples. Streaklines: Streaklines are the loci of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the past. Figure 3. linewidthfloat or 2D array. Fluids – Lecture 15 Notes 1. Each cell in the grid can have, at most, one traversing streamline. P4–29C. The dye will move around and define a curve given by {x(t 0,t)}, the position of fluid elements that passed through x 0 at some time t 0, prior to the current time t. Explain. 2? The visualization is produced by time exposure of air bubbles in water. The stream function can be used to plot the streamlines of the flow and find the velocity. Pathlines: Pathlines are the trajectories that individual fluid particles follow. Want to see more mechanical engineering instructional videos? Visit the Cal Poly Pomona Mechanical Engineering Department's video library, ME Online: in time at which the observation is made. 100% (3 ratings) Transcribed image text: Some students want to visualize flow over a spinning baseball. flowvis_02 Page 3 of 3 A pathline is a line traced out by a particular fluid particle as it moves through space. 0 mathrm {gal} / mathrm {min} 3. The velocity field of a flow is described by V › = (4x)i › + (5y + 3) j › + (3t 2 )k › . Because of unsteady _____ shed in an alternating pattern from the cylinder, the smoke collects into a clearly defined periodic pattern called a Kármánvortexstreet. Flow lines explained! Streamlines, Pathlines, Streaklines. related to the pressure field by the dynamic. Water flowing down a smooth, inclined roadway b. The time history of a marker particle may be found by solving the pathline. ##### FIGURE P4–29C. specifies a set of points at which streaklines originate. Now imagine that skier moving through air against a downhill mountain slope. Streamlines cannot intersect with each other, they are always parallel. Euler's equation for inviscid motion: a relationship between fluid acceleration (convective and temporal) and pressure distribution. , sinu-Fluid particles are m. Streakline. 0) crashes and gives the segmentation fault. True. . Streamlines represent the instantaneous direction of the wind and are drawn as unending lines that may converge or diverge from one another (following. Understand what initial conditions to use when evaluating streaklines and pathlines. Since then, laboratory flow visualization has become more and more exact. A particle of the marker fluid that is at point (x, y) at time t must have passed through the injection point ( x_ {0}, y_ {0} x0,y0) at some earlier instant t= au t = τ. A step-by-step derivation of the plate buckling equation was presented in. 1 Flow Patterns: Streamlines, Pathlines, Streaklines. Images are then recorded for further analysis. streamline, In fluid mechanics, the path of imaginary particles suspended in the fluid and carried along with it. • Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines Streamline: a line that is everywhere tangent to the velocity field. As the equations that govern the flow remain. Question. Another application is to visualize the velocity profile of a boundary layer or a channel flow. =5 b. Their fluids laboratory has a nice water tunnel into which they can inject multicolored dye streaklines, so they decide to test a spinning baseball in the water tunnel as shown in the figure. 流線型的起源可以追溯到19世紀對自然生命的研究，以及對於魚、鳥等有機形態的效能的欣賞。. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Consider the simple example with the flow shown in figure 4. Figure 3. They provide a record of where particles came from. The bubbles create the visualization of the flow. Two types of effectsStreaklines are well known in flow visualization [3, 4] and fluid mechanics [5] as a tool for measurement and analysis of the flow. This task is known as streamlining, and the resulting design is referred to as being streamlined.